Illumination of civilization of India in manuscript of Constitution of India by
 Acharya Nandalal Bose

Nandalal Bose(3 December 1882 – 16 April 1966) Padma Vibhushan (1954)

At the suggestion of Prof. K. T. Shah the question of calligraphy and artistic decoration and printing of the original authoritative copy of the Constitution of India was taken. up. It was decided that the work should be started as early as possible and calligraphy should be completed by the 20th January, 1950 and the work of illumination and decoration of the calligraphed pages may continue even after that date till it is completed. Copy of Constitution of India in English was handwritten by  Prem Bihari Raizada Saxena  and in Hindi the work of calligraphy was done by Vasant Krishna Vaid.

The matter to be calligraphed consisted of about 300 pages of 6½" x 9½", each page containing about 40 lines. It was also proposed to use parchment paper of
the size of 14" x18" and a margin of 2½" was to be left at the top and the sides for illumination work and of l½" at the bottom. The rest of the space in the middle of the sheet was to be covered by the calligraphist. The cover was to bear the seal and emblem of the Union with a description in general and concise terms of the contents of the manuscript. . At the suggestion of Krishna Kriplani the President
wrote to Acharya Nandalal Bose of the Shantiniketan asking if he would undertake the work of supervision and decoration and illumination of the calligraphed authenticated copy of the Constitution. Acharya Nandalal Bose agreed to the President's  request but suggested that it would not be possible to make designs based on historical subjects as suggested by the President, owing to shortage of space in the margin, and in the alternative agreed to make ornamental designs covering the whole period of Indian civilization.( Brief note on the calligraphy of the Constitution of India ; Parliament Secretariat June 1950)

The Vedic period is represented by a scene of gurukula .Sri Aurobindo writes on Veda "At the root of all that we Hindus have done, thought and said through these many thousands of years, behind all we are and seek to be, there lies concealed, the fount of our philosophies, the bedrock of our religions, the kernel of our thought, the explanation of our ethics and society, the summary of our civilisation, the rivet of our nationality, a small body of speech, Veda. From this one seed developing into many forms the multitudinous and magnificent birth called Hinduism draws its inexhaustible existence. Buddhism too with its offshoot, Christianity, flows from the same original source. It has left its stamp on Persia, through Persia on Judaism, through Judaism, Christianity and Sufism on Islam, and through Buddha on Confucianism, and through Christ and mediaeval mysticism, Greek and German philosophy and Sanskrit learning on the thought and civilisation of Europe. There is no part of the world's spirituality, of the world's religion, of the world's thought which would be what it is today, if the Veda had not existed. Of no other body of speech in the world can this be said."( Sri Aurobindo Archives  and Research April 1977 Volume I; No 1)

The epic period by a visual of Lord Sri Rama,  Mata Sita and Lakshmana returning homeward .The  philosophical base of India in found in the Ramayan, Sri Aurobindo writes "The distinction that India draws is not between altruism and egoism but between disinterestedness and desire. The altruist is profoundly  conscious of himself and he is really ministering to himself even in his altruism; hence the hot & sickly odour of sentimentalism and the taint of the Pharisee which clings about European altruism. With the perfect Hindu the feeling of self has been merged in the sense of the  universe; he does his duty equally whether it happens to promote the interests of others or his own; if his action seems
oftener altruistic than egoistic it is because our duty oftener coincides with the interests of others than with our own. Rama’s duty as a son calls him to sacrifice himself, to leave the empire of the world and become a beggar& a hermit; he does it cheerfully and unflinchingly: but when Sita is taken from him, it is his duty as a husband to rescue her from her ravisher and as a Kshatriya to put Ravana to death if he persists in wrongdoing. This duty also he pursues with the same unflinching energy as the first. He does not shrink from the path of the right because it coincides with the path of self-interest. " (Vol 01,Complete Works Sri Aurobindo 236 ;Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department 2003)

The epic period by a visual of another of Lord Yogeshwar Krishna propounding the Gita to Arjuna on the battlefield. Sri Aurobindo writes on  the  Mahabharata "The Pandavas also go without a word into exile & poverty, because honour demands it of them; but their ordeal over, they will not, though ready to drive compromise to its utmost verge, consent to succumb utterly to Duryodhana, for it is their duty as Kshatriyas to protect the world from the reign of injustice, even though it is at their own expense that injustice seeks to reign. The Christian & Buddhistic doctrine of turning the other cheek to the smiter , is as dangerous as it is impracticable. The continual European see-saw between Christ on the one side and the flesh  &the devil on the other with the longer trend towards the latter comes straight from a radically false moral distinction & the lip profession of an ideal which mankind has never been either able or willing to carry into practice.
The disinterested & desireless pursuit of duty is a gospel worthy of the strongest
manhood; that of the cheek turned to the smiter is a gospel for cowards & weaklings. Babes & sucklings may practise it because they must, but with others it is a hypocrisy."( Vol 06-07 Complete Works Sri Aurobindo 281 Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department 2002)

Then there are depictions of the lives of the  Lord Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavira, followed by scenes from the courts of Ashoka and Vikramaditya and also the scene of tapsya of Bhagirath for the descent of Ganga. Orissan sculpture  and image of Nataraj reflect the art aspect ; scene of  ancient university (Nalanda) along with other great figures of our history who are represented are Akbar, Shivaji, Guru Gobind Singh, Tipu Sultan, and Lakshmibai.

The freedom movement is delineated by line drawings of Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi march .Gandhiji's  weapons of non cooperation, swadehi and  boycott were inspired by doctrine of passive resistance as enunciated by Sri Aurobindo  in 1907.Sri Aurobindo writes "The first principle of passive resistance, therefore, which the new school have placed in the forefront of their programme, is to make administration under present conditions impossible by an organised refusal to do anything which shall help either British commerce in the exploitation of the  country or British officialdom in the administration of it, – unless and until the conditions are changed in the manner and to the extent demanded by the people.. This attitude is summed up in the one word, Boycott .The second canon of the doctrine of passive resistance has therefore been accepted by politicians of both schools – that to resist an unjust coercive order or interference Iit s not only justifiable but, under given circumstances, a duty".( Vol06-07 Complete Works Sri Aurobindo 292 Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department 2002)

  "We must therefore admit a third canon of the doctrine of passive resistance, that social boycott is legitimate and indispensable as against persons guilty of treason to the nation"1."Our defensive resistance must therefore be mainly passive in the beginning, although with a perpetual readiness to supplement it  with active resistance whenever compelled"(  Vol06-07 Complete Works Sri Aurobindo 301 Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department 2002)

The freedom movement is delineated by line drawings of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and other patriots trying to liberate Mother India (in Hindi Bharat Mata) from outside India.

Kesavananda Bharati case  in which Basic Structure Doctrine was laid down ,every citizen has right to have access to copy of  full  Constitution depicting  the civilization of India which forms the soul of the civilization of Great India

 Article 1 of the Constitution of India states that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States ; illumination of the civilization  in the original handwritten Constitution of clearly  ,explicitly and integrally explains what is Bharat- integration, assimilation and synthesis of values of present times in light of guiding principles of Sanatan values of Bharat
                                                                                  
 The Supreme Court of India has, in the Kesavananda case , recognised that the preamble may be used to interpret ambiguous areas of the constitution where differing interpretations present themselves. In the 1995 case of Union Government Vs LIC of India also, the Supreme Court has once again held that Preamble is the integral part of the Constitution.On the same lines it is not irrational and unconstitutional to use the illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India  to interpret ambiguous areas of the constitution where differing interpretations present themselves
The word Secularism was inserted without any clear and concise definition ,wrecking havoc in the form of conflicting definitions . That illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India  clearly  ,explicitly and integrally explains what is  Secularism in India as envisaged by the honorable members of the Constituent Assembly .This clearly explains that Secularism of India is different from the western Secularism. it is very disappointing that in the name of secularism  the civilizations of India has been often not taught and discussed in schools and college . This citizen of India feels that illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India  provides guidelines to the school curriculum making one chapter mandatory on various topics of photolithography.

The illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India explicitly and integrally incorporates all the Fundamental Duties and shall go a long way in inculcating the values of   citizenship  will go a long way in upholding the Constitutional Morality as discussed by Dr Ambedkar 
Nationalism in form of Spiritual nationalism was unanimously accepted by the honourable members of constituent Assembly  in form of Bharat Mata
as found in the The illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India  will go a long way in upholding the Constitutional Morality as discussed by Dr Ambedkar  .Hence it can be said that had this been open secret today India would not hve seen the anti- national slogans  in education institutions like JNU New Delhi etc.Member of  Parliament would not have said "where is Bharata Mata written in the Constitution of India"
The illumination of the civilization of India  in the original handwritten Constitution of India  clearly  ,explicitly and integrally highlights the basic structure of the civilisation of India and the history of India.It forms a litmus test to prevent the politicisation of education. It represents the microcosm of the civilisation of India where it clearly lays down the principles of SWARAJ and SURAAJ .The ideals of the freedom struggle from Britishraj.
It underlines the integral idea of Violence and Non Violence to  uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. It underlines the change with continuity from Vedic period to 20th Century.It reiterates the aspirations of Swami Vivekanand and Sri Aurobindo that India to lead the world as Vishwguru,It underlines  profound vitality, strong mental faculties  and spirituality at the centre-reminding the glorious past and  bright promised  future of India. Stronly feeling the significance of the  Illumination of the civilization in the original authoritative copy of the Constitution of  India ,this author has requested the Government of India  that all the Bare Acts of the Constitution of India must not  be allowed to be  published without the photographs/designs  as  found in the Original handwritten Constitution of India duly signed by the Honorable members of the Constituent Assembly

Conclusion: Illumination of the civilization in the original authoritative copy of the Constitution of India is the base for understanding the culture and   civilization  of India .Government of India  must  issue directions that all the Bare Acts of the Constitution of India must not  be allowed to be  published without the photographs/designs  as  found in the Original handwritten Constitution of India duly signed by the Honorable members of the Constituent Assembly  India  must  issue directions that all the Bare Acts of the Constitution of India must not  be allowed to be  published without the photographs/designs  as  found in the Original handwritten Constitution of India duly signed by the Honourable members of the Constituent Assembly.



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